Optimal Virtual Power Plant Management for Multiple Grid Support Services

A hierarchical control architecture is proposed for the optimal day-ahead commitment of multiple grid support services within a virtual power plant (VPP). The optimization considers pricing and cost data to determine schedule, robust Model Predictive Control (MPC) approach included minimize unbalance fees during real-time operations. multi-level has been demonstrated experimentally using hybrid test system, where VPP formed commercial 240 kW, 180 kWh battery energy storage system (BESS), while additional assets are modelled in digital simulator (RTDS). Two case studies analyzed: first assumes purely-electrical VPP, with single connection public network; second involves multi-energy approach, introduction gas-supplied Combined Heat Power unit (CHP). Both winter summer price scenarios tested. results show superiority multiple-service operation compared providing service. For example, net revenue increased by 30% (winter) 7% (summer) when just frequency regulation, +99% only arbitrage.